Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives of this chapter The Earth can be compared to a big thermal engine: its internal heat provides the energy that drives all geodynamic processes and its long term evolution is governed by cooling. The total energy of the Earth depends on its internal structure and composition. How energy is transported in the Earth depends on its physical properties, which are controlled by the thermal structure. Here, we review some basic geophysical information about the present state of the Earth's interior and show how it is related to the thermal regime and the energy budget of the Earth. This chapter is not intended as a comprehensive description of the Earth and its main units and is focused on aspects that are most relevant to heat generation and transport. Introduction This chapter is focused on the silicate Earth which is made of a thin crust over a thick mantle, lying above a central metallic core. For the sake of brevity, we do not explain plate tectonics and assume familiarity with some of its basic premises and terminology. Mid-ocean ridges are zones of shallow sea floor where volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur frequently. The sea floor is formed out of the mantle there, moves horizontally, and eventually returns into the mantle through deep trenches in a process called subduction .
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".