The role of dilute and semi‐dilute cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions on the rheology of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Non‐Newtonian flow behaviours of dilute and semi‐dilute carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions in the presence of spindle‐shaped cellulose nanocrystal particles (CNC) were investigated. Scanning transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, polarized optical microscopy, and turbidity measurements of CNC suspensions in CMC solutions were also carried out. Adding CNC particles only within the range of 0.33–2.0 m 3 /m 3 into the dilute and semi‐dilute CMC polymer solutions increased the viscosities at low shear rates between 10 3 –10 5 times. The flow curves of CNC suspensions in CMC polymer solutions turned highly non‐Newtonian, and their viscosities at high shear rates (> 10 3 ) still converged to the flow curves of CMC solutions. The viscosity increase comes from the nematic flocculation of CNC particles in the presence of a non‐adsorbing CMC polymer which results in CNC flocs with water entrapped pockets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".