Effect of Weld Lines on the Injection Moulding of Structural Foams. I. Foam Morphology
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of weld lines on the morphology of injection moulded structural polymer foams was studied. In this first part, the effect of processing conditions on density and morphology of high density polyethylene foams is reported. In particular, the effect of density reduction and injection speed was investigated. The results indicate that for lower density foams, skin thickness decreases substantially along flow path and cells collapse is present. At the weld line, local reduction of skin thickness and cell size is related to the formation of a V-notch prior the final expansion and to higher pressures generated by the difficulty to expulse the entrapped air inside the mold. As of the effect of injection speed, cell size and skin thickness differences between samples with or without weld lines were observed and explained by time and gravity effects.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it