The Global Citizenship Divide and the Negotiation of Legal Rights
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The transition from non-citizenship to citizenship status for Third World migrants in First World states entails successfully navigating various legal, institutional, financial and ideological barriers that are established by a range of gatekeepers. Recent critical scholarship on citizenship has tended to neglect the centrality of these gatekeepers in regulating access to formal, juridical citizenship, based on the argument that democratic rights are ‘purely formal’ in the face of massive social inequalities. Dismantling legal restrictions on the enjoyment of rights is seen to be unlikely to ensure real advances in human autonomy and democracy without concomitant measures to reduce material inequalities.472 As Bridget Anderson has pointed out, citizenship debates have thus ‘rather taken for granted the right to citizenship in the formalized sense of what passport a person holds and an individual’s right to be present and work in a particular nation state’.473
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.043 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".