Combined Toxic Effects of Ochratoxin A and Citrinin, In Vivo and In Vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT), which are nephrotoxic mycotoxins suspected to be involved in Balkan endemic nephropathy and urothelial tract tumours, are known to coexist in certain food sources, such as cereals. Simultaneous administration of OTA and CIT enhanced the incidence of renal tumors in male mice. The aim of this study was to determine the combined genotoxic effects of CIT and OTA, (i) in cell culture and (ii) in vivo in Dark Agouty rats fed for 3 weeks with ground wheat enriched with OTA and/or CIT. When the mycotoxins are simultaneously present, the toxicity was considerably enhanced. DNA adduct patterns of rat kidney after a 3-weeks feeding, were similar to those obtained in cell cultures. The main OTA DNA-adduct was identified as C8 dGMP-OTA, which was found in human tumors, and found to increase by simultaneous presence of CIT and OTA.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".