Tuning Ciprofloxacin Release Profiles from Liposomally Encapsulated Nanocrystalline Drug
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: In order to attenuate the drug release rate, a single freeze-thaw step was previously shown to convert encapsulated drug into a single nanocrystal within each liposome vesicle. The goal of this study was to alter the nanocrystalline character, and thus the drug encapsulation state and release profile, by addition of surfactant prior to freeze-thaw. METHODS: A liposomal ciprofloxacin (CFI) formulation was modified by the addition of surfactant and frozen. After thawing, these formulations were characterized in terms of drug encapsulation by centrifugation-filtration, liposome structure by cryo-TEM imaging, vesicle size by dynamic light scattering, and in vitro release (IVR) performance. RESULTS: The addition of increasing levels of polysorbate 20 (0.05 to 0.4%) or Brij 30 (0.05 to 0.3%) to the CFI preparations followed by subsequent freeze-thaw, resulted in a greater proportion of vesicles without drug nanocrystals and reduced the extent of growth of the nanocrystals thus leading to modified release rates including an increase in the ratio of non-encapsulated to sustained release of drug. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides another lever to achieve the desired release rate profile from a liposomal formulation by addition of surfactant and subsequent freeze-thaw, and thus may provide a personalized approach to treating patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".