Long‐range transport of NH<sub>3</sub>, CO, HCN, and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> from the 2014 Canadian Wildfires
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We report the first long‐term measurements of ammonia (NH 3 ) in the high Arctic. Enhancements of the total columns of NH 3 , carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ethane (C 2 H 6 ) were detected in July and August 2014 at Eureka, Nunavut, and Toronto, Ontario. Enhancements were attributed to fires in the Northwest Territories using the FLEXPART Lagrangian dispersion model and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Fire Hot Spot data set. Emission estimates are reported as average emission factors for HCN (0.62 ± 0.34 g kg −1 ), C 2 H 6 (1.50 ± 0.75 g kg −1 ), and NH 3 (1.40 ± 0.72 g kg −1 ). Observations of NH 3 at both sites demonstrate long‐range transport of NH 3 , with an estimated NH 3 lifetime of 48 h. We also conclude that boreal fires may be an important source of NH 3 in the summertime Arctic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".