Influenza Virus-Containing Immune Complexes Activate Platelets Through FcγRIIa Resulting In Bioactive Lipid Synthesis and Microparticle Release
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract After red blood cells, platelets represent the most abundant cell lineage in blood, where they sentinel the vasculature and play crucial functions in haemostasis and the prevention of bleedings. Platelets also express a vast array of immune mediators and receptors, suggesting that they can also be regarded as tiny immune cells capable of the recognition of pathogens. Indeed, platelets express functional Toll-like receptors and are thought to actively participate to innate immunity. During severe cases of H1N1 influenza A virus infection, circulating platelets display markers of activation. The specific platelet activation triggers during Influenza infection remain however unknown. In this study, we incubated human platelets with H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) and monitored platelet activation. We found that IAV is a highly potent inducer of de novo lipid mediators production and a trigger for the release of microparticles from platelets. This activation process takes place independently of the Toll-like receptor 4 and requires the presence of serum, pointing to the contribution of soluble factor(s) present in blood. We observed that the virus scaffolds with immunoglobulin G to form large immune-complexes (∼1micron in size) that activate platelets through the engagement of FcgRIIA. Accordingly, the serum of naïve mice housed in a pathogen-free facility is ineffective at initiating human platelet activation when incubated in the presence of IAV. Intrigued by the fact that all the tested human sera were capable of forming immune complexes with IAV, we hypothesized that significant antibody cross-reactivity between different influenza viruses was sufficient to promote the formation of virus-containing immune complexes. Using in vivo approaches, we found that the antibodies from H3N2 influenza virus-immunized mice generate immune complexes when put in presence of H1N1, activating human platelets and transgenic mouse platelets that express FcgRIIA. Taken together, our observations demonstrate that beyond their activities in haemostasis and innate immunity, platelets can also play a role during the active stage of adaptive immune responses against pathogens through FcγRIIa activation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".