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Record W2502534599

On the Basis for Creation of a New Method of Defining International Jurisdiction in the Arctic Ocean

2005· article· en· W2502534599 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Barry Dubner

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicArctic and Russian Policy Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGlacierIce sheetGeologyFuture sea levelCryospherePhysical geographyAntarctic ice sheetSea iceGeographyIce-albedo feedbackOceanographyClimatologyIce shelfDrift ice
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Can you picture the Arctic Ocean without ice?One cannot pick up a newspaper or magazine these days, without reading about global temperature warming.There are numerous statistics and examples of this phenomenon, and they are quite alarming.For example, your author was startled to learn that the Arctic Ocean was warming at such a rate that Denmark is claiming an extraordinary bid for ownership of the North Pole, which is supposed to be one of the last regions of the world with untapped oil and natural gas.' Scientists have estimated that ice in the Arctic Ocean is melting at three Vercent a year, which will in the future allow for economic exploitation of a region that is almost unexplored.It is necessary when discussing this phenomenon to break down and show the problems related to both the Arctic Ocean and the surrounding region.The Arctic Ocean is covered by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ("UNCLOS" or "1982 Law of the Sea Convention") while the Arctic environs is governed by various treaty laws and understandings among the eight States that border the Arctic region. 3 Denmark is basing its claim to the Continental Shelf lying off of Greenland (Greenland has been owned by Denmark since 1814)4 on a 1240 kilometer underwater mountain range called the Lomonosov Ridge.If Denmark can show that it has the right under the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention, it will be able to assert a claim to the waters that are up to 370 kilometers from its baseline. 6 Naturally Canada and Russia are upset about this claim. 7They, too, will attem t to show that they have as much right as Denmark, if not more, to whatever resources are found on the Ridge.This dispute over resources is brought about by the fact that within 50-100 years the polar sheet will probably disappear. 9Also, there will be a new north-west passage that would make for an excellent shipping route, due to the melting of the ice during summer months.' 0 Assuming that Denmark's claim is correct, the impending question is whether the international community will allow the Arctic to be spoiled by various mining activities and oil and gas extraction.Other problems in the Arctic concern the fact that animals such as caribou and ringed seals are thinner, and their furs have become thin and patchy."Nobody seems to understand why.12But climate changes

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.943
Threshold uncertainty score0.806

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.044
GPT teacher head0.385
Teacher spread0.341 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations6
Published2005
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same topicArctic and Russian Policy StudiesFrench-language works237,207