Bibliographic record
Abstract
States are not allowed to combat international terrorism at all costs. They must not resort to methods which undermine the very values they seek to protect. And this applies the more to those ‘absolute’ rights from which no derogation may be made even in times of emergency … Upholding human rights in the fight against terrorism is first and foremost a matter of upholding our values, even with regard to those who may seek to destroy them. Introduction Even today, the events of 11 September 2001 in New York City, Washington DC and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania cast a long shadow. Heightened states of alert typify the daily experience of many, especially those engaging in international travel. It is an inconvenience that leads to more time being spent in airport queues than is good for anyone. Nevertheless, travellers put up with it because somehow it makes them feel safer. However, for those seeking refugee status, the events of that day in 2001 have had much more serious consequences. Specific refugee restricting provisions and the more general restrictions imposed on all travellers have made obtaining asylum more difficult since 11 September 2001; despite the fact that not a single refugee was involved in the attacks on the World Trade Centre or the Pentagon. In spite of the fact that no refugee was involved, the international community, in the shape of the Security Council, immediately went on to link the threat of international terrorism with those seeking refugee status and intimated that the international protection of refugees could be used to facilitate terrorism.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.117 | 0.050 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".