The order of adverbials of time and place in Old English
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Syntactic analyses of adverbials in Present Day English describe a tendency for adverbials of place to precede adverbials of time in clusters. This paper investigates whether this preferred order of the adverbials of place and time was already established in Old English. Based on an analysis of the York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose, it first of all shows that Old English adverbials indeed display a preferred order of occurrence in clusters. This order is the reverse of the one found in Present Day English, namely time-before-place. In a second step, the paper investigates which factors might motivate that order. Potentially influential factors are investigated individually as well as in a multifactorial analysis with the help of a binary logistic regression.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it