Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary This letter presents a reduced reference spur multiplying delay‐locked loop (MDLL). The static phase offset (SPO) between the reference edge and its counterpart of MDLL output is the dominant mechanism causing reference spur in the spectrum of MDLL output. SPO is mainly caused by the non‐idealities on charge pump (e.g., sink and source current mismatch) and control line (e.g., gate leakage of loop filter and voltage‐controlled delay line control circuit). With a high‐gain stage inserting between phase detector/phase frequency detector and charge pump, the equivalent SPO has been decreased by a factor equal to the gain of the gain stage. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, an MDLL is implemented in TSMC CMOS 0.18 µm process. The simulation result shows that −60.1 dBc reference spur was achieved at center frequency of 1.8 GHz. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".