Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter evaluates academic fortification concepts as applied in North America, using French fort St. Frederic as an example. Fort St. Frederick was located at the Lake Champlain choke point, a short distance north of Fort Ticonderoga. With construction based in part on Vauban-style fortification principles current in Europe, its adaptation to frontier conditions was nonetheless fairly rapid. Vauban’s defensive principles, explained in a number of the period’s treatises and manuals, served as the basis for formal training in the engineering corps of the major powers. In New France, military engineers constructed a chain of fortifications in the St. Lawrence and Richelieu valleys that were adapted to conditions very different from those in Europe. In particular, these fortifications were not designed to withstand artillery sieges conducted in the European manner. In 1752, French military engineer Louis Franquet inspected the fortifications of New France. His reports describe the ways in which the forts of New France were adapted to local conditions while concluding that war in Canada is not conducted “as it is done in Europe.”
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.026 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".