Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro <i>v</i>. Canada)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
International Court of Justice — Jurisdiction — Provisional measures — Prima facie basis for jurisdiction — Declarations under Article 36(2) of Statute of International Court of Justice — Condition of reciprocity — Temporal limitation — Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948, Article IX — Whether threat or use of force against a State amounting to genocide — Whether necessary element of intent towards defined group — Whether Serbia and Montenegro party to the Genocide Convention at relevant date — Whether Genocide Convention a treaty in force under Article 35(2) of the Statute of the Court Treaties — Application — Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948 — Definition of genocide contained in Article II of Genocide Convention — Whether intended destruction of a national, ethnical, racial or religious group — Whether threat or use of force against a State constituting an act of genocide International organizations — United Nations — Membership — Yugoslavia — Status of Yugoslavia between 1992 and 2000 — Whether Member of the United Nations — Whether party to Statute of International Court of Justice — Whether Yugoslavia having access to Court under Article 35(1) of Statute — Whether Yugoslavia having access to Court under Article 35(2) of Statute State succession — Succession and continuity of States — Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia — Whether Serbia and Montenegro continuation of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia — Membership of the United Nations — Whether Yugoslavia party to Statute of International Court of Justice — Treaty obligations of the former Yugoslavia War and armed conflict — NATO bombing of Yugoslavia — NATO Respondent States claiming humanitarian intervention — Loss of life and suffering in Kosovo — Whether NATO Respondent States violating obligation not to use force — Maintenance of peace and security — Role of Security Council — Responsibilities of Court under United Nations Charter and Statute of Court — Obligations of Parties under Charter and other rules of international law including humanitarian law
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".