Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pulsation is the astronomer's word for vibration or oscillation . Every physical object has natural patterns or modes of vibration, each with a corresponding period – the time required for one vibration. We commonly observe this in musical instruments. A bugler can make the air column in a bugle vibrate in different modes or harmonics , with different periods which we perceive as different pitches. A violin string can vibrate in several pitches at once, producing a complex sound which may be pleasant or not, depending on the quality of the violin and the skill of the musician. It is tempting to call pulsation ‘the music of the spheres’, especially as most stars are spherical; the sun is spherical to 1 part in 100 000. This concept comes from an excellent recent review article on stellar pulsation, part of a conference in July 2005, and published in Communications in Asteroseismology , volume 147: http://www.univie.ac.at/tops/CoAst/archive/cia147.pdf Pulsation modes Stars are, to a first approximation, spherical. The simplest form of pulsation is radial pulsation – a simple, spherically symmetric in-and-out expansion and contraction. A star has an infinite number of modes of radial pulsation. The simplest is called the fundamental mode. In this mode, all parts of the star expand together and contract together, in unison. The next-simplest mode is the first overtone . In this mode, there is a nodal sphere in the star, where the material remains at rest. When the part of the star outside this sphere is expanding, the part inside is contracting, and vice versa . In the second overtone mode, there are two nodal spheres, where the material remains at rest.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".