Bibliographic record
Abstract
The French occupied, founded, and settled at least fourteen colonies in the Americas during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. They were located in two broad climatic zones: tropical and temperate. The tropical colonies, founded only after Europeans had commercialised the idea of colonisation, were intended for settlement. All but one of the southern group were islands in the West Indies. The exception was Cayenne, or French Guiana, which along with similar English and Dutch possessions was located between the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers on the northeast coast of South America. The northern colonies were colonies of trade or industry. Four or five, depending on how one counts them, were located in the semitropical and temperate zones of North America. Only war appears to have given the colonies any kind of unity. Whether they achieved a more permanent unity is the subject of this book. Eight of the island colonies were scattered along the sweeping thousandkilometre arc of the Lesser Antilles, known as les Isles du vent or the Windward Islands: Grenada, Martinique, Marie Galante, Guadeloupe, Saint-Christophe, Saint-Barthélémy, Saint-Martin, and Sainte-Croix. The colony of Saint-Domingue, which occupied the western third of the island of Hispaniola, was in the Greater Antilles, called les Isles sous le vent or the Leeward Islands. Louisiana and Canada were located along the lower valleys of North America's greatest rivers, the Mississippi and the St. Lawrence, while Acadia, Placentia, and Île Royale were in the northeast maritime region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.327 | 0.131 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".