Effect of Season on Pregnancy Rates, Milk Progesterone, and Milk Melatonin Profiles in Water Buffalo Reared in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Having recently been introduced to Canada, water buffalo products have a growing market demand. While water buffaloes are seasonal breeders in some environments, the impact of season on estrus patterns in Canada is unknown. Pregnancy rates for buffaloes artificially inseminated in different seasons following synchronization or natural estrus were calculated. Milk samples were used to determine variation in progesterone and melatonin during summer (long days) and winter (short days). Milk was collected from randomly selected buffaloes and hormones were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Spring and summer pregnancy rates were lower than in fall and winter. Spring and summer samples showed low progesterone concentrations with abrupt rise and fall. Fall and winter samples showed high progesterone with prolonged peaks and 20-22-day estrous cycles. No significant trend was observed in melatonin levels. Results indicate breeding seasons in Canada are fall and winter while low breeding seasons are spring and summer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".