Apical Na+-dependent neutral amino acid exchanger ASCT2 (ATB0) and mTOR-signaling components are expressed along the entire jejunal crypt-villus axis in young pigs fed a liquid milk replacer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Na+-dependent neutral amino acid (AA) exchanger ASCT2 (ATB0) plays an important role in the apical exchange of large neutral AAs such as glutamine (Gln) and leucine (Leu) and is essential to maintaining gut mucosal growth. The objectives of this study were to investigate expression of the ASCT2/ATB0 (SLC1A5) gene and the key mechanistic (mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling components in epithelia along the jejunal crypt–villus axis in young pigs fed a liquid milk replacer. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses showed that the ASCT2/ATB0 (SLC1A5) gene mRNA abundance was higher (P < 0.05) in the crypt than in the upper villus and the middle villus cells. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the ASCT2/ATB0 protein abundances in the cell homogenate, the intracellular fraction, and the apical membrane among the upper villus, middle villus, and crypt cells. Abundance of phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) protein was higher (P < 0.05) in the middle villus than in the upper villus cells. Phosphorylated p70 S6 kinase protein (p-S6K1) abundance was higher (P < 0.05) in the crypt than in the upper villus cells. Thus, the ASCT2/ATB0 (SLC1A5) gene mRNA and protein ATB0 and the key mTOR-signaling components, p-mTOR and p-S6K1, were expressed in the epithelia along the entire jejunal crypt–villus axis in the young pigs fed a liquid milk replacer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".