A semi-dynamic heart model for UWB microwave transmission simulations and hardware evaluation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we present a simplified semi-dynamic heart model for investigation of microwave transmission heart monitoring systems between 1.5 and 4 GHz in both simulation and measurement. We aim to validate that our proposed heart model is able to represent the heart structure at microwave frequencies by comparing our model to an accurate numerical heart model (anHM) from the ITIS foundation virtual population. Our simple numerical heart model (snHM) (simulation) and physical heart model (pHM) (measurement) are evaluated in a simplified human chest model using an UWB biomedical sensor. In simulation, the transmission parameter shows agreement with the time domain peak of −94.5 dB for the snHM and −96.4 dB in the anHM. The anHM and pHM transmission signal characteristics were then compared showing good agreement. Our heart model is able to represent the heart between 1.5 and 4.0 GHz and represents a step toward a real time dynamic heart model for hardware evaluation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".