Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reconsiders and restates the sociology of theology as an investigation of the social origins of theological doctrines. It treats the sociology of theology as an integral part of the sociology of religion and links it with the sociology of ideology (or knowledge). In particular, it applies the sociology of theology to the emergence and diffusion of Calvinism as a theological system. The paper posits and identifies essential social origins of the main Calvinist sociological doctrines, such as those of an absolute, omnipotent God and Divine predestination. It specifically identifies their social origins in a definite political system for the first doctrine and a ruling class of society for the second. It shows that these doctrines are theological and ideological projections and rationalizations of Calvinists pursuing or attaining power and domination since Calvin and his collaborators, and through their descendants. The paper aims to make a contribution to the sociology of theology as a relatively neglected part of the contemporary sociology of religion and ideology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.087 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".