ICN: a normalization method for gene expression data considering the over-expression of informative genes
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The global increase of gene expression has been frequently established in cancer microarray studies. However, many genes may not deliver informative signals for a given experiment, due to insufficient expression or even non-expression, despite the DNA microarrays massively measuring genes in parallel. Hence the informative gene set, rather than the whole genome, should be more reasonable to represent the genome expression level. We observed that the trend of over-expression for informative genes is more obvious in human cancers, which is to some extent masked using the whole genome without any filtering. Accordingly we proposed a novel normalization method, Informative CrossNorm (ICN), which performs the cross normalization (CrossNorm) on the expression matrix merely containing the informative genes. ICN outperforms other methods with a consistently high precision, F-score, and Matthews correlation coefficient as well as an acceptable recall based on three available spiked-in datasets with ground truth. In addition, nine potential therapeutic target genes for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were identified using ICN integrated with a protein-protein interaction network, which biologically demonstrates that ICN shows superior performance. Consequently, it is expected that ICN could be applied routinely in cancer microarray studies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it