A Universal Model of Water Flow Through Nanopores in Unconventional Reservoirs: Relationships Between Slip, Wettability and Viscosity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Understanding and controlling flow of the water confined in nanopores has tremendous implications in theoretical studies and industrial applications. Here we propose a universal model for the confined water flow based on a conception of effective slip, which is linear sum of true slip, only depending on wettability, and apparent slip, caused by the spatial variation of the confined water viscosity as a function of wettability as well as nanopores dimension. Results by the model show that the flow capacity of the confined water is 10−1~107 times of those calculated by no slip Hagen-Poiseuille equation for nanopores with various wettability, in agreement with 47 different cases from the literature. This work may shed light on the controversy over the increase or decrease in flow capacity from the MD simulations and experiments, and guide to tailor the nanopores structure for modulating the confined water flow in many engineering fields, including nanomedicine, water purification, energy storage as well as the flowback of fracture fluid in petroleum industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".