Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dissertation examines the relationship between productivity growth and research activities of heterogeneous firms, and the contribution of firm heterogeneity to business cycle fluctuations. \n \nThe first chapter uses a dynamic model to study firms' decisions on whether to conduct research in house, with external units or via both modes. Productivity is modeled to evolve endogenously according to Research and Development (R&D) modes, and the costs of starting and continuing research are random and mode specific. Model estimates from a panel of Chinese manufacturing firms show that in-house R&D is more effective and costs less to maintain, but smaller firms choose external R&D because of its lower startup cost. These estimates are consistent with the observed cross-sectional differences in firm size by research status, and can match the persistence and transition dynamics in R&D modes. Simulation exercises show that continuation cost reduction induces more changes in R&D decisions, but start up cost reduction leads to most of the aggregate productivity gain. \n \nThe second chapter investigates the impact of innovation on firm level prices. This impact depends on how innovation affects quality and efficiency and how the firm passes these changes onto prices. Estimation results of the empirical model with a panel of Spanish firms show that firms take advantage of process innovations to enlarge markups by not completely passing onto prices the decrease in cost. Product innovations could increase or decrease cost but they do not affect markups, thus we do not find prices to change systematically with them. \n \nThe third chapter examines the contribution of firm level shocks to output fluctuations for four OECD countries (US, Germany, Canada and the UK). Recent studies stemming from Gabaix (2011) show that when few firms account for a disproportionately large share of production, shocks to these firms can propagate to generate business cycle fluctuations. However, we find that while firm size distribution is highly skewed in these four economies, the ability of the largest firms to transmit shocks is not universal and thus should not be taken for granted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".