Scattering equations: real solutions and particles on a line
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We find n(n − 3)/2-dimensional regions of the space of kinematic invariants, where all the solutions to the scattering equations (the core of the CHY formulation of amplitudes) for n massless particles are real. On these regions, the scattering equations are equivalent to the problem of finding stationary points of n − 3 mutually repelling particles on a finite real interval with appropriate boundary conditions. This identification directly implies that for each of the (n − 3)! possible orderings of the n − 3 particles on the interval, there exists one stable stationary point. Furthermore, restricting to four dimensions, we find that the separation of the solutions into k ∈ {2, 3, . . . , n − 2} sectors naturally matches that of permutations of n − 3 labels into those with k − 2 descents. This leads to a physical realization of the combinatorial meaning of the Eulerian numbers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".