Ultrasound image despeckling in the contourlet domain using the Cauchy prior
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Speckle noise reduction is a prerequisite task in images captured by ultrasonography systems due to their inherent noisy nature. In this work, we propose a new despeckling method in the contourlet domain using the Cauchy prior. The multiplicative speckle noise is first transferred to an additive one using a logarithmic transform. The logarithmically-transformed contourlet coefficients of the image and noise are assumed to be the Cauchy and Maxwell distributions, respectively. In order to estimate the noise-free contourlet coefficients, an efficient closed-form Bayesian maximum a posteriori estimator is developed. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed despeckling method by using the synthetically-speckled and real ultrasound images. It is shown that the proposed method outperforms several existing techniques in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio and is able to preserve the diagnostically signific ant details of the ultrasound images.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".