Shuttling Catalyst for Living Radical Miniemulsion Polymerization: Thermoresponsive Ligand for Efficient Catalysis and Removal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this report, we demonstrate the use of a thermoresponsive ligand for the ruthenium-catalyzed living radical polymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA) in miniemulsion. A phosphine-ligand-functionalized polyethylene glycol chain (PPEG) in conjunction with a Cp*-based ruthenium complex (Cp*: pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) provided thermoresponsive character as well as catalysis for living polymerization: the complex migrated from the water phase to the oil phase for polymerization upon heating and then migrated from the oil to water phase when the temperature was decreased to quench polymerization. Consequently, simple treatment (i.e., water washing or methanol reprecipitation) yielded metal-free polymeric particles containing less than 10 μg/g (by ICP-AES) of ruthenium residue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".