Association between sensory loss and social outcomes: A preliminary report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1 Background Hearing and vision loss are common in the elderly and may interfere with social interaction. We aimed to determine if hearing loss, vision loss and dual sensory loss were associated with reduced social network diversity, social participation, availability of social support, and loneliness, respectively, in a population-based sample of older Canadians and whether age or sex modified the associations. 2 Methods A cross-sectional telephone survey of 21,241 individuals was conducted. The sample was nationally representative of English- and French-speaking non-institutionalized 45-85 year old Canadians who did not live on First Nations reserves and had normal cognition. Participants with missing data for any of the variables in the multivariate regression models were excluded from analysis. Hearing and vision loss were determined by self-report. Dual sensory loss was defined as reporting both hearing and vision loss. We used multivariate regression models to analyze cross- sectional associations between each type of sensory loss and social network diversity, social participation, availability of social support, and loneliness. 3 Results Vision loss (in men) and dual sensory loss (in 65-85 year olds) were independently associated with reduced social network diversity. Vision loss and dual sensory loss (in 65- 85 year olds) were each independently associated with reduced social participation. All forms of sensory loss were associated with both low availability of social support and loneliness. 4 Interpretation Sensory impairment is associated with reduced social function in older Canadians. Interventions and research that address the social needs of older individuals with sensory loss are needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".