55-nm SiGe BiCMOS Distributed Amplifier Topologies for Time-Interleaved 120-Gb/s Fiber-Optic Receivers and Transmitters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two distributed circuits based on MOS-HBT cascodes are reported in a 55-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology and are aimed at a single-chip time-interleaved transceiver for future 1-Tb/s optical links. The first, a DC-135-GHz single-ended distributed amplifier (DA) was optimized for low noise, linear receivers, and has a measured noise figure (NF)ppof linear input range, and 8.5 dB gain. Operation was confirmed with PRBS-31 eye diagram measurements up to 120 Gb/s. Additionally, a novel time-interleaved distributed power DAC test circuit was implemented as a proof-of-concept to investigate the maximum achievable output bandwidth at a differential output voltage swing of 6 Vpp, as needed to directly drive an optical modulator. Simulations of the doubly segmented 6-bit DAC show 4-PAM output eye diagrams at up to 120 GBaud. The measured clock-input-to-data-output small-signal bandwidth is 65 GHz. When the DAC is measured as a switching large-swing driver, the differential output voltage swing remains larger than 5.4 Vppbeyond 50 Gb/s. Time interleaving of 4 thermometer MSBs is demonstrated experimentally to form a 1.8-Vppdifferential, 10-GBaud 3-PAM output signal. The experimental sampling rate is limited to 10 GS/s by the capacitance and bandwidth of the low-frequency probes and pads used for the data lanes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".