Heterocyclic Addition Reactions during Low Temperature Autoxidation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Low temperature air oxidation affects many aspects of the fuels business: weathering, storage stability, hardening, and fouling. Addition reactions taking place during the autoxidation of different heterocyclic compound classes were studied at 130 °C. This investigation reports on the conversion, product selectivity, nature of addition products, and plausible mechanisms that would explain the observations subsequent to the oxidation of indole, 2,3-dihydroindole, quinoline, benzofuran, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, and thianaphthene. Of these, indole is known to be prone to oxidative addition. Among the five-membered heterocyclic compounds, the propensity to form oxidative addition products increased in the order: S ≪ O < N. Addition took place mainly through C–C bond formation. In comparison to hydrocarbons, it was surprising to find that indole and 2,3-dihydroindole were less prone to oxidative addition than the five-membered naphtheno-aromatic hydrocarbon analogues indene and indan. On the basis of the work, some implications for low temperature oxidation processes, and free radical processes in general, are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".