An evaluation of "old age" traits in transition analysis and mandibular ridge resorption in age estimation of older individuals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mandibular ridge resorption reflected by mandibular bone height and the two “old age” traits, breakdown of the dorsal margin of the pubic symphysis and posterior exostoses of the iliac auricular surface, were tested for their potential as old age indicators. Samples with no known age-at-death come from the Lankhills School, Andover Road, and Hyde Street cemetery collections in Winchester, UK. The collections were dated to the 4th century AD, a time of Imperial Roman rule. Results showed that mandibular bone height decreases with increasing age, however the correlation is only statistically significant in females. Statistically significant positive correlations exist between age-at-death and the two “old age” traits. Further, correlations between mandibular bone heights and the two “old age” traits were more pronounced in males. In general, mandibular ridge resorption, breakdown of dorsal margin of pubic symphysis and posterior exostoses of the iliac auricular surface can aid in the identification of old individuals; however, differences between the sexes is pronounced, indicating that besides age, sex-related factors, either physiological or cultural, play a role in the morphological changes of these skeletal features. Females tend to show more severe mandibular ridge resorption due to systemic bone loss affected by hormonal change around menopause. On the other hand, the two pelvic “old age” traits have stronger relationship with mandibular bone height in males because these two traits have more regular and predictable patterns of morphological changes. These changes are likely to be associated with the different roles of male and female pelves in reproduction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".