Is there an Association between the H1N1 Influenza Pandemic Vaccination and the Manifestation of Narcolepsy?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
After the mass-vaccination campaign during the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, a significant increase in narcolepsy incidence was observed initially in Scandinavia, later in other European countries and recently also in Canada.Narcolepsy is a sleep disease caused by the loss of hypocretin-producing cells in the hypothalamus.Almost all narcolepsy patients carry the HLA-DQB1 * 0602 allele, giving a link to an autoimmune-mediated process.Most of the observed narcolepsy cases were correlated to the vaccination with Pandemrix, the most frequently used vaccine in the EU, and a slight connection to Arepanrix was also detected, which was distributed in Canada.Both vaccines were adjuvanted with AS03, suggesting a possible link between AS03 and narcolepsy.No narcolepsy cases were detected with MF59-adjuvanted or non-adjuvanted influenza vaccines.Recent studies reported differences between Pandemrix and Arepanrix and suggested the vaccine rather than the adjuvant as a suspect for narcolepsy development following vaccination.In addition, in China an increase of narcolepsy cases was reported to occur in absence of vaccination.Possible factors and potential additive effects that may have triggered narcolepsy after the pandemic vaccination are being reviewed in this paper. Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemicPandemic influenza occurs when a new emerging influenza strain turns out to be infectious to humans and transmissible to man [6,18].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".