Measuring and Modeling the Solubility and Density for CO<sub>2</sub>–Toluene and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>–Toluene Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An accurate thermodynamic model of CO 2 /toluene and C 2 H 6 /toluene systems is required to improve the design of industrial processes including separation, supercritical extraction, and fine particle production. We present new sets of experimental solubility data for CO 2 (298.15 ≤ T ≤363.15 K and P ≤ 5.1 MPa) and C 2 H 6 (294.15 ≤ T ≤363.15 K and P ≤ 3.65 MPa) in toluene as well as the corresponding liquid phase densities. The Peng–Robinson equation of state/excess Gibbs free energy model (PR-EoS/G E ) is applied to represent the experimental data over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. Our results show acceptable agreement between the experimental and calculated solubility and density data. The presented experimental data and thermodynamic model will find applications in the design of separation, extraction, and fine particle production processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".