Dissociation Conditions and Raman Spectra of CO<sub>2</sub> + SO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>S Hydrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To further define the information needed for CO 2 gas sequestration and storage in the presence of impurities, the stability of hydrates made from CO 2 + SO 2 and CO 2 + H 2 S mixtures was measured by an isochoric dissociation method. The hydrates were characterized with powder X-ray diffraction, confirming that CO 2 + SO 2 formed a structure I hydrate. The Raman spectra of CO 2 + SO 2 and CO 2 + H 2 S hydrates were also measured along with those of THF + CO 2 + SO 2 and THF + CO 2 + H 2 S hydrates to observe and assign the Raman peaks of SO 2 or H 2 S in the small cages. It was found the SO 2 Raman peaks are at 1147.1 and 1155.4 cm –1 in large and small cages, respectively; the H 2 S Raman peaks are at 2594.0 and 2603.0 cm –1 in large and small cages, respectively. At the equilibrium points established, the composition of the released gas mixture was analyzed by gas chromatography. Measurements for gas pressures (ranging from 0.72 to 3.59 MPa) and gas compositions (ranging from 0.04% to 7.63%, mole fraction of SO 2 or H 2 S) at specific temperatures (ranging from 263.15 to 283.15 K) are reported. The SO 2 and H 2 S impurities tend to stabilize the mixed CO 2 hydrates formed, with almost all of the impurity gases reporting with the hydrate phase at low concentrations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".