Charge density wave with meronlike spin texture induced by a lateral superlattice in a two-dimensional electron gas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The combined effect of a lateral square superlattice potential and the Coulomb interaction on the ground state of a two-dimensional electron gas in a perpendicular magnetic field is studied for different rational values of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$, the inverse of the number of flux quanta per unit cell of the external potential, at filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$ in Landau-level $N=0.$ When Landau-level mixing and disorder effects are neglected, increasing the strength ${W}_{0}$ of the potential induces a transition at a critical strength of ${W}_{0}^{(c)}$ from a uniform and fully spin-polarized state to a two-dimensional charge density wave (CDW) with a meronlike spin texture at each maximum and minimum of the CDW. The collective excitations of this ``vortex CDW'' are similar to those of the Skyrme crystal that is expected to be the ground-state near filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$. In particular, a broken $U(1)$ symmetry in the vortex CDW results in an extra gapless phase mode that could provide a fast channel for the relaxation of nuclear spins. The average spin-polarization ${S}_{z}$ changes in a continuous or discontinuous manner as ${W}_{0}$ is increased depending on whether $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}\ensuremath{\in}[1/2,1]$ or $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}\ensuremath{\in}[0,1/2]$. The phase mode and the meronlike spin texture disappear at a large value of ${W}_{0}$ leaving as the ground state a partially spin-polarized CDW if $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}\ensuremath{\ne}1/2$ or a spin-unpolarized CDW if $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}=1/2.$
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".