Physical Comorbidities Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Multiple Sclerosis (S37.004)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association between prevalent physical comorbidity and incident psychiatric comorbidity in the MS population and in an age, sex- and geographically-matched cohort from the general population. Methods: We used population-based administrative data (1994-2011) from the Canadian province of Alberta to identify 9,624 persons with MS, and 41,194 controls. We used validated case definitions to estimate the incidence of depression, anxiety disorder and bipolar disorder, then evaluated the association between physical comorbidities and incident psychiatric disorders adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status and index year. Results: After adjustment, the risk of incident depression (HR 1.92; 1.82-2.04), anxiety disorder (HR 1.52; 1.42-1.63) and bipolar disorder (HR 2.67; 2.29-3.11) was higher in the MS versus matched population. In the MS population, hypertension (HR 1.16; 1.01-1.33), heart disease (HR 1.38; 1.11-1.73), lung disease (HR 1.50; 1.31-1.72), fibromyalgia (HR 1.67; 1.32-2.12) and epilepsy (HR 1.64; 1.31-2.05) were associated with an increased risk of depression. Fibromyalgia (HR 1.85; 1.38-2.48), heart disease (HR 1.46; 1.11-1.93) and lung disease (HR 1.60; 1.34-1.90) were associated with anxiety disorders. Lung disease (HR 1.57; 1.12-2.20) and inflammatory bowel disease (HR 3.39; 1.39-8.24) were associated with bipolar disorder. In the matched population all comorbidities studied were associated with depression, and all but diabetes were associated with depression. Diabetes, heart disease, lung disease and epilepsy were associated with bipolar disorder. In the combined population, sex modified the effect of physical comorbidity on depression risk. Diabetes, hypertension and lung disease conferred higher relative risks of depression among men than women. Conclusions: Multiple physical comorbidities were associated with an increased incidence of depression, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder in the MS and matched populations.Patterns of associations unique to MS may help identify common underlying mechanisms and novel treatment approaches to manage psychiatric comorbidities in MS. Study supported by: CIHR
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".