Transformation of Primary Conjunctival Cells Transfected with Papilloma and Herpesvirus Oncogenes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<p class="cco-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a common cancer that has recently increased in incidence in HIV-1 infected patients. The rise has been more transparent in sub-Sahara Africa. Our recent publications showed the association of OSSN with multiple viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Here we show through transfection with different viral constructs, the changes taking place in the primary conjunctival cells which involve some of the important markers associated with initiation and maintenance of the cancer.</span></p><p class="cco-body"><span lang="EN-GB">We transfected primary conjunctival cells with different oncogenic viral genes (HPV16-E6, HPV16-E7, HPV16-E6/E7, KSHV-LANA, and EBV-EBNA1) that have been associated with transformation of infected cells. The cells were tested for expression of different markers linked to oncogenesis. We used RT PCR to determine the expression of the markers. The level of expression was determined in each case. We also performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on the primary cells using specific antibodies.</span></p><p class="cco-body"><span lang="EN-GB">The transfected conjunctival cells were demonstrated to be epitheliod as determined by expression of Cytokeratin-19 (C-19) and Vimentin markers. The primary conjunctival cells were efficiently transfected with the specific viral oncogenes resulting in expression of different cytokines, chemokine, cell cycle markers, and growth factors. The different constructs elicited expression and/or suppression of p53, p21, pRB, IL-10, IL-13, cyclinD1, TNF, TNF13B, and VEGF in specific transfected conjunctival primary cells. </span></p><p class="cco-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Our findings indicate that the viral oncogene expression in primary conjunctival cells contributed to the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and dysregulation of cell cycle proteins in primary conjunctival tissues. This mirrors the transformation process in OSSN pathogenesis. Further studies should follow to identify pathways dysregulated that can be targeted for therapy or vaccine development. </span></p>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".