Phase Behavior of Fluid Mixtures in a Partially Confined Space
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Phase behavior of reservoir fluids in nano-pores of shale can be quite different from that in a bulk space. Its accurate description can lead to more accurate estimation of hydrocarbons in place in shale, as well as better understanding of the mechanisms governing hydrocarbon recovery from shale. This paper presents both experimental and modeling studies of the coupled effects of competitive adsorption, capillary pressure and pore size distribution on the phase behavior of fluid mixtures in partially confined spaces. Experimentally, we measured the pressure/volume (PV) relationships along isothermal temperatures for fluid mixtures (N2/n-C4H10 and CH4/n-C4H10 binaries) that were contained in bulk spaces (PVT cell) and in partially confined spaces, respectively. To make the so-called partially confined space, the PVT cell was connected to a container holding a shale core sample. The partially confined space consists of the pore space in the shale core and the bulk space in the PVT cell. Theoretically, we developed a phase-behavior model for partially confined fluids by considering competitive adsorption, capillary pressure and pore size distribution of the shale core. In this model, the bulk PVT space is considered to be a capillary tube with an infinite diameter, while the shale sample is deemed to comprise of a series of capillary tubes with various diameters. Test results show that, at the same temperature, the bubble point pressure of N2/n-C4H10 mixture in the partially confined space is higher than that in the bulk space, while the bubble point pressure of CH4/n-C4H10 mixture in the partially confined space is smaller than that in the bulk space. When a fluid mixture comes into contact with a shale sample, the individual components in the mixture may be preferentially adsorbed onto the shale sample, leading to the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The competitive adsorption of gas mixture onto shale can change the initial mixture composition, and thus affect the phase behavior of the mixture. The theoretical model can be properly tuned to yield bubble point pressures that are well matching the measured ones.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".