Level and Profile of Internalizing Behaviours Problem among Preschool Children: Evidence from Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Internalizing problems such as depression and anxiety disorders were prevalent in early childhood and these problems could lead to increasingly poor outcomes during school age then later in adult life. The main objectives of this paper were to examine the distribution and identify the level of internalizing behaviours problem among preschool children in Malaysia. Also, to come out with a profile of the children who were in the borderline and clinical status of internalizing problems. A total of 551 (46%) out of 1198 children age four and below were conveniently selected for this study that consist of those who were in the borderline and clinical range of having internalizing problems as rated by parents using the Child Behavioural Checklist for Age 1 ½-5 (CBCL/1 ½ –5). Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and correlation tests were applied in data analysis. Results revealed that level of internalizing problems among preschool children in Malaysia was high whereby 338 in clinical and 213 in borderline which represent about 28% and 18% of the total study samples respectively. Overall, female children with the age 3 years old, first born with 2 siblings and live with both parents were the most having internalizing problems. Most of these children had parents in the 30s age range and majority had secondary higher education background. Findings from this study provide evidences that early detection and intervention is crucially needed to prevent continuity of internalizing problems into school age and later to adulthood.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".