Isolation and characterization of wetland VSW-3, a novel lytic cold-active bacteriophage of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wetlands are often called the "kidneys of the Earth" and contribute substantially to environmental improvement. Pseudomonas fluorescens is a major contaminant of milk products and causes the spoilage of refrigerated foods and fresh poultry. In this study, we isolated and characterized a lytic cold-active bacteriophage named VSW-3 together with P. fluorescens SW-3 cells from the Napahai wetland in China. Electron microscopy showed that VSW-3 had an icosahedral head (56 nm) and a tapering tail (20 nm × 12 nm) and a genome size of approximate 40 kb. On the basis of the top-scoring hits in the BLASTP analysis, VSW-3 showed a high degree of module similarity to the Pseudomonas phages Andromeda and Bf7. The latent and burst periods were 45 and 20 min, respectively, with an average burst size of 90 phage particles per infected cell. The pH and thermal stability of VSW-3 were also explored. The optimal pH was found to be 7.0 and the activity decreased rapidly when the temperature exceeded 60 °C. VSW-3 is a cold-active bacteriophage, hence, it is important to research its ability to prevent product contamination caused by P. fluorescens and to characterize its relationship with its host P. fluorescens in the future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".