Kebijakan Pembangunan Kota Baru Di Indonesia: Antara Fasilitasi Bisnis Dan Pelayanan Publik
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT . The development of new-town in Indonesia have been initiated since 1950s through the development of Kebayoran Baru newtown as a satellite city in Southern Jakarta. Subsequently, a number of new-town were then built in Klender and Depok and in urban fringe area of other metropolitan like Surabaya and Medan. Hitherto, new-town development are then dominated by private developers, including industrial new-town development. In other side, various problems were occured in those new-town related to spatial planning, infrastructure and social and public facilities management issues. Through policy analysis on various documents, policy dialog notes and media analysis, it were found that there is an obscure policy direction in new-town development, both in national and local government levels, whether it is focused in business facilitation or it is focused in public service initiatives. As recommendations for next study and research, an obscure of policy direction is led to the need of strengthtened legal framework, capacity building and institutional development on new-town development in Indonesia. Keywords: new town, policy direction, Indonesia ABSTRAK. Pembangunan kota-kota baru di Indonesia pada dasarnya sudah dimulai sejak masa awal kemerdekaan, yaitu dengan dibangunnya Kota Kebayoran Baru sebagai kota satelit di sebelah Selatan dari Kota Jakarta. Selanjutnya, beberapa kota baru berupa permukiman terpadu skala besar dibangun oleh Perumnas seperti di Klender dan Depok. Pada perkembangannya hingga kini, pembangunan kota-kota baru lebih didominasi oleh usaha bisnis properti yang dilakukan oleh para pengembang swasta. Di sisi lain, beragam permasalahan bermunculan yang terkait dengan isu-isu penataan ruang dan pengelolaan pelayanan prasarana dasar dan fasilitas sosial dan umum di kota-kota baru tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis perkembangan kebijakan yang bersumber dari dokumen-dokumen rencana, catatan dari beberapa diskusi publik dan analisis media, dijumpai bahwa ada ketidakjelasan arah kebijakan pembangunan kota-kota baru, apakah lebih difokuskan kepada pelayanan bisnis properti atau perlu kembali ditekankan pada aspek pelayanan publik. Sebagai rekomendasi, adanya ketidakjelasan arah kebijakan ini menghantarkan pada perlunya dilakukan penguatan-penguatan pada aspek kerangka peraturan, peningkatan kapasitas dan pengembangan konsep dan sistem kelembagaan pembangunan kota-kota baru di Indonesia. Kata-kata kunci: kota baru, arah kebijakan, Indonesia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".