Field Experiments to Test the Elevated Water Table Concept Combined with a Desulfurized Tailings Cover Layer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The monolayer cover combined with an elevated water table (EWT) concept is an emerging method that appears to be particularly promising in the field of reclamation of sulfidic tailings ponds which may generate acid mine drainage (AMD). The principle of this technical approach relies on the fairly high matric potential of tailings. By controlling the level of the water table inside the pond, one can maintain the degree of saturation of the reactive material sufficiently high to prevent oxygen migration, and therefore limit sulfide minerals oxidation and AMD generation. Desulfurized tailings produced directly at the treatment plant can be used instead of natural material to constitute a cover able to maintain the sulfidic tailings close to saturation, thus reducing the environmental footprint. Previous studies confirmed the performance of the EWT through laboratory experiments and suggested that water table position and cover thickness are important parameters. To further test the concept in real climatic conditions, experimental cells were installed on Doyon-Westwood mine site, in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, in summer 2015. This paper presents the design, construction, and instrumentation of three in-situ experimental cells. They are instrumented to enable the evaluation of the hydrogeological behavior of the setting in relation with climatic conditions and the oxygen migration through the cover. Water samples are analyzed to assess sulfide mineral oxidation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".