Energy distribution of electrons under axial motion in a quadrupole Penning trap
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present results of the energy distribution function of trapped electrons through a measurement of their axial oscillation in a quadrupole Penning trap. Electrons emitted from a thoriated tungsten filament with a range of energies (3–5 eV) are trapped in a low magnetic field quadrupole Penning trap. Subsequent to storage the trapped electrons are detected through monitoring their axial oscillations by an electronic tank circuit that is weakly coupled to the trap, by resonant energy transfer to the electrons. The technique, developed using LabVIEW, enables a direct measurement of the energy distribution function of the electrons in the trap. We obtain a normal distribution of energy, with a maximum that coincides with the potential applied on the electron filament, indicating that the energy distribution of electrons in the trap reflects the energy distribution of the thermionically emitted electrons from the filament.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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