Thin and Flexible Nickel Based Current Collectors Developed By Electroless Deposition for Energy Storage Devices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rapid development in portable and wearable consumer electronics for recreation, fitness and medicines requires thin, light weight and flexible solid state energy storage devices to improve the user experience and safety. Among the key components for solid state energy storages, relatively little effort has been made to the development of flexible current collectors. A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film here was metallized by a simple and inexpensive electroless nickel deposition to form thin and flexible current collector for solid state energy storage devices. The PET was etched in butylamine, followed by surface activation of reduced nickel particles by sodium borohydride. The electroless nickel was then conducted in a commercial available plating bath. The chemical composition of the developed nickel on PET (Ni-PET) current collector was characterized by EDX and XPS, which showed a high P nickel deposition. SEM images suggested an island growth during the film formation. The electrochemical characterizations showed that the Ni-PET can be used both as current collectors for electrochemical capacitors (EC) and as electrodes for batteries (Fig. 1a) in the respective potential regions. The electrochemical performance of the Ni-PET current collector was similar to that of Ni foil but with less hydrogen evolution at low potential, and the flexibility was also better than that of a metallic Ni foil. The resistance of the Ni-PET current collector almost remained the same under compression but increased under tension. Nonetheless, the shape and conductivity can be recovered when the applied force was released. The carbon nanotube was coated on the Ni-PET to form an electrochemical capacitor electrode and showed high chemical stability in both liquid and solid electrolytes (Fig. 1b), suggesting a promising application in solid energy storage devices. Figure 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".