Synthesis and Characterization of a Family of Air-Stable Ferrocene- and Ruthenocene-Containing Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Phosphines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a family of air-stable primary, secondary, and tertiary phosphines containing all possible combinations of ethylferrocene and ethylruthenocene substituents are reported. Each phosphine was characterized by 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P NMR spectroscopy, IR and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. With the exception of primary ethylruthenocene phosphine 8a, all of the title compounds have been studied by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Ferrocene-containing phosphines showed maximum absorption at wavelengths of ca. 440 nm and qualitatively reversible oxidation waves in their cyclic voltammograms with intensities scaling to the number of ferrocene units present. The average metal–cyclopentadienyl centroid distances observed for ferrocene-containing phosphines were shorter than those of ruthenocene-containing phosphines, which also had maximum absorption wavelengths of ca. 320 nm and underwent irreversible electrochemical oxidation. Phosphines containing both ethylferrocene and ethylruthenocene substituents displayed properties consistent with the presence of both metallocene types.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".