Sneezing Triggered by Onabotulinum Toxin Injections (P2.262)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To describe the occurrence of sneezing in a subpopulation of patients injected in the forehead with Onabotulinum toxin for either migraine or essential blepharospasm. Background: Sneezing is commonly triggered by dust, environmental allergens and respiratory tract infections. Some uncommon phenomena that trigger sneezing include light, stomach filling, orgasm and even sexual thoughts alone. Reports exist of lateral medullary stroke and tumours resulting in the loss of the sneezing reflex. It is well known in several reports that eyelid injections can trigger sneezing but we describe 11 cases where only forehead injections trigger a sneezing response. Design/Methods: Retrospective review of 9 cases Results: 9 patients, 4 with BEB and 5 with migraine sneeze with every forehead injection but not those in the eyelids. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware that injection of onabotulinum can trigger a sneezing response due to afferent stimulation through V1 trigeminal afferents and that the effector of this response is likely centered in the lateral medulla.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".