A case-control study investigating risk factors associated with postweaning Escherichia coli diarrhea in southern Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate management, housing, and nutrition factors and potential viral infections that might be associated with postweaning Escherichia coli diarrhea in pigs in southern Ontario. Methods: A case-control study involving 50 herds was conducted. Information on hygiene, management, facilities, management of diarrhea, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) status, and nursery feed management was collected through a questionnaire. Rectal swabs and sera collected from ten weaned pigs in each herd were tested for F4+ (K88+) E coli and antibodies to two viral pathogens. Hemolytic E coli-like colonies were tested for agglutination in specific anti-F4 antiserum. Results: Twenty-six herds were designated as cases and 22 as controls. Escherichia coli positive for F4 were isolated from pigs in 15 case herds and 3 control herds. Postweaning diarrhea did not occur in the control herds during the study. In case herds, there were more feeder spaces per pen, the first rations offered in the nursery were more likely to be pelleted feed, and nursery pigs and gestating sows were more likely to be vaccinated against PRRSV than in control farms. Implications: Weaning age, weaning weight, and commingling of pigs, which are commonly considered risk factors for postweaning diarrhea, did not appear to be contributing factors in this study. Vaccination for PRRSV was associated with an increased risk of postweaning diarrhea, which occurred in a variety of herd types and sizes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".