Effect of 17β-estradiol administration on hepatic expression of glutamine synthetase, β-catenin, and GPR30 in young and aged beef cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that increased circulating estradiol increases hepatic glutamine synthetase (GS) content in young and aged cows, and two nonclassical nongenomic estradiol pathway intermediates [β-catenin, G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30)], 12 young (3–4 yr) and 12 aged (≥8 yr) cows were randomly allotted (n = 6) and received either none or estradiol (TRT) implants (Compudose®) for 28 d. Blood and liver samples were collected on days 16 and 28 and the effects of TRT, cow age (age), time after implant (day), and their interactions were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Plasma estradiol was increased by TRT in young and aged cows on days 16 and 28 and on day 28 vs. day 16. An age × day interaction (P = 0.01) revealed lower GS mRNA at day 28 in young cows but increased mRNA in aged cows. Aged cows had less GS protein than young cows, and a TRT × day interaction (P = 0.02) reflected 134% more of GS on day 16 in TRT in aged cows. No main or interaction effects were found for progesterone, β-catenin, or GPR30. We conclude that hepatic GS expression is transiently stimulated by increased circulating estradiol, whereas expression of β-catenin or GPR30 was not affected.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".