Temperature-Responsive Nanofibrillar Hydrogels for Cell Encapsulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Natural extracellular matrices often have a filamentous nature, however, only a limited number of artificial extracellular matrices have been designed from nanofibrillar building blocks. Here we report the preparation of temperature-responsive nanofibrillar hydrogels from rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) functionalized with a copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and N,N'-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. The composition of the copolymer was tuned to achieve gelation of the suspension of copolymer-functionalized CNCs at 37 °C in cell culture medium and gel dissociation upon cooling it to room temperature. The mechanical properties and the structure of the hydrogel were controlled by changing copolymer composition and the CNC-to-copolymer mass ratio. The thermoreversible gels were used for the encapsulation and culture of fibroblasts and T cells and showed low cytotoxicity. Following cell culture, the cells were released from the gel by reducing the temperature, thus, enabling further cell characterization. These results pave the way for the generation of injectable temperature-responsive nanofibrillar hydrogels. The release of cells following their culture in the hydrogels would enable enhanced cell characterization and potential transfer in a different cell culture medium.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".