IL‐33 delivery induces serous cavity macrophage proliferation independent of interleukin‐4 receptor alpha
Bibliographic record
Abstract
IL-33 plays an important role in the initiation of type-2 immune responses, as well as the enhancement of type 2 effector functions. Engagement of the IL-33 receptor on macrophages facilitates polarization to an alternative activation state by amplifying IL-4 and IL-13 signaling to IL-4Rα. IL-4 and IL-13 also induce macrophage proliferation but IL-33 involvement in this process has not been rigorously evaluated. As expected, in vivo delivery of IL-33 induced IL-4Rα-dependent alternative macrophage activation in the serous cavities. IL-33 delivery also induced macrophages to proliferate but, unexpectedly, this was independent of IL-4Rα signaling. In a filarial nematode infection model in which IL-4Rα-dependent alternative activation and proliferation in the pleural cavity is well described, IL-33R was essential for alternative activation but not macrophage proliferation. Similarly, during Alternaria alternata induced airway inflammation, which provokes strong IL-33 responses, we observed that both IL-4Rα and IL-33R were required for alternative activation, while macrophage proliferation in the pleural cavity was still evident in the absence of either receptor alone. Our data show that IL-33R and IL-4Rα promote macrophage proliferation independently of each other, but both are essential for induction of alternative activation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".