Sports concussion research, chronic traumatic encephalopathy and the media: repairing the disconnect
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Todd Ewen was a National Hockey League (NHL) ‘tough guy’ who accumulated over 1900 penalty minutes in 518 games across 12 NHL seasons. He recently committed suicide after bouts of depression at the age of 49. Before an autopsy had been performed, the media pre-emptively wrote about how his depression and suicide were most likely the result of a career in the NHL, repetitive head trauma and the inevitable onset of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).1 Ewen himself was convinced he had developed CTE, as his wife recalled him being terrified by the thought of a future living with a neurodegenerative disease.2 Ewen's brain was examined by neuropathologists at the University of Toronto—they found no evidence of CTE. So we ask, how did a professional athlete who had treatable depression, come to believe that he had an untreatable condition and committed suicide?3 The public's perception of sport-related concussion (SRC) and CTE is likely not based on the totality of empirical data, but rather …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.032 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".